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          <h1 class="post-title" itemprop="name headline">4.8 符号定义语句</h1>
        

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        <p>&#8195;&#8195;在程序中，我们经常要使用一些常量或数值表达式，并把它们直接写在指令中，但当需要修改时，就要对它们逐个进行修改，这无疑会增加维护程序的工作量，而且每个常量或表达式所代表的含义也容易遗忘。</p>
<p>&#8195;&#8195;为了改善程序的可读性，尽量减少维护程序的工作量，汇编语言提供了为常量或表达式定义一个符号名的方法。一旦定义了符号名，在指令中就可直接使用它们。</p>
<hr>
<h2 id="4-8-1-等价语句"><a href="#4-8-1-等价语句" class="headerlink" title="4.8.1 等价语句"></a>4.8.1 等价语句</h2><h3 id="1、一般格式"><a href="#1、一般格式" class="headerlink" title="1、一般格式"></a>1、一般格式</h3><p>等价语句的一般使用格式如下：</p>
<p>符号名　EQU　表达式<br>作用是左边的符号名代表右边的表达式。<br>注意：等价语句不会给符号名分配存储空间，符号名不能与其它符号同名，也不能被重新定义。</p>
<h3 id="2、用符号名代表常量或表达式"><a href="#2、用符号名代表常量或表达式" class="headerlink" title="2、用符号名代表常量或表达式"></a>2、用符号名代表常量或表达式</h3><p>当把一个常量或表达式定义成一个具有一定含义的符号名后，在程序中就可以用该符号名来代表该常量或表达式。</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">NUMBER    EQU   100                                 ;给缓冲区的长度取一个符号名</span><br><span class="line"> BUFF_LEN  EQU   NUMBER+2</span><br><span class="line"> CR              EQU   13                                   ;给“回车”符的ASCII码定义一个符号名 </span><br><span class="line"> LF              EQU   10                                   ;给“换行”符的ASCII码定义一个符号名 </span><br><span class="line"> …</span><br><span class="line"> BUFFER      DB     NUMBER,  , NUMBER DUP ( )       ;用符号名来定义缓冲区</span><br><span class="line"> …</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="3、用符号名代表字符串"><a href="#3、用符号名代表字符串" class="headerlink" title="3、用符号名代表字符串"></a>3、用符号名代表字符串</h3><p>用一个具有一定含义的符号名定义某一个较长的字符串，在随后的程序中就用该符号名。例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">GREETING　EQU　&quot;How are  you!&quot;</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>在该定义之后，就可使用符号名GREETING来代表字符串”How are you!”。</p>
<h3 id="4、用符号名关键字或指令助忆符"><a href="#4、用符号名关键字或指令助忆符" class="headerlink" title="4、用符号名关键字或指令助忆符"></a>4、用符号名关键字或指令助忆符</h3><p>用一个(组)程序员自己习惯的符号名来代替汇编语言中的关键字或指令助忆符。但在此建议不要这样做，因为程序的编写者习惯，程序的其他阅读者可能会觉得很别扭。</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">MOVE　　　 EQU　MOV　　　;给指令MOV取另一个符号名MOVE </span><br><span class="line"> COUNTER　 EQU　CX　　　　;给寄存器CX取一个叫“计数器”的符号名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>上面的定义只是给原来的助忆符MOV和CX起了另一个别名，而原来助忆符MOV和CX仍然可以使用，所以，我们可编写如下语句：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">MOVE　AX, CX　　　　　　　 ;相当于指令：MOV  AX, CX </span><br><span class="line"> MOV　 COUNTER, BX　　　　;相当于指令：MOV  CX, BX</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h3 id="5、用符号名定义存储单元的别名"><a href="#5、用符号名定义存储单元的别名" class="headerlink" title="5、用符号名定义存储单元的别名"></a>5、用符号名定义存储单元的别名</h3><p>可对一片存储单元定义另一个数据类型的符号名，有关叙述参见前面的操作符THIS。</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">WORD1  EQU　THIS WORD      ;给后面的字节存储单元取一个字属性的符号名</span><br><span class="line"> BYTE1    DB　12h, 21h</span><br><span class="line"> FLAG     DW　1234H</span><br><span class="line"> FLAG1    EQU　byte ptr FLAG    ;给FLAG的低字节取一个字节属性的符号名</span><br><span class="line"> FLAG2    EQU　byte ptr FLAG+1       ;给FLAG的高字节取一个字节属性的符号名</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>有了上述定义后，可编写如下语句：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">MOV　AX, WORD1　　　　　 ;执行后，(AX)=2112H</span><br><span class="line"> MOV　BL, FLAG1　　　　　　;执行后，(BL)=34H</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-8-2-等号语句"><a href="#4-8-2-等号语句" class="headerlink" title="4.8.2 等号语句"></a>4.8.2 等号语句</h2><p>汇编语言提供了用等号来定义符号常数的方法，即可用符号名代表一个常数。其一般格式如下：</p>
<p>符号名＝数值表达式</p>
<p>数值表达式在汇编时应该可以计算出数值，它不能含有向前引用的符号名称。用等号语句定义的符号可以被重新定义。例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">ABC = 10 + 200 * 5      ;ABC的值为1010</span><br><span class="line"> ABC1 = 5 * ABC + 21   ;ABC1的值为5071</span><br><span class="line"> COUNT = 1                 ;COUNT的值为1</span><br><span class="line"> COUNT = 2*COUNT + 1 ;COUNT的值为3</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<h2 id="4-8-3-符号名定义语句"><a href="#4-8-3-符号名定义语句" class="headerlink" title="4.8.3 符号名定义语句"></a>4.8.3 符号名定义语句</h2><p>符号名定义语句LABEL与前面的操作符THIS功能类似，该语句定义一个指定的符号名，该符号名的段地址和偏移量与下面紧跟存储单元的相应属性相同，但该符号的类型是新指定的。LABEL语句的一般格式如下：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">符号名 LABEL 类型</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>其中：常用的类型有BYTE、WORD、DWORD、NEAR和FAR等。</p>
<p>例如：</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line">NEXT:    …</span><br><span class="line"> WBUFFER　LABEL　WORD      ;WBUFFER与BUFFER具有相同的段地址和;偏移量，但它们的数据类型不同。</span><br><span class="line"> BUFFER　DB　200 DUP(0)</span><br><span class="line"> …</span><br><span class="line"> NEXT1　LABEL　FAR ;NEXT1和NEXT具有相同的段地址和偏移量，;NEXT1是“远”标号，NEXT是“近”标号。</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"> MOV　AX, BX</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>
<p>标号NEXT1和NEXT可用于不同的情况。当在同一个模块内转移时，可使用标号NEXT；当在不同的模块之间进行转移时，需要使用“远”标号NEXT1。</p>

      
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